electrical

Uses of Computer Networks

Business computer application: Many companies have a substantial number of computers. For example, a company may have separate computers to monitor production, keep track of inventories, and do the payroll. Initially, each of these computers may have worked in isolation from the others, but at some point, management may have decided to connect them to [...]

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Common Base Amplifier

Common Base Amplifier: The final transistor amplifier configuration we need to study is the common-base. This configuration is more complex than the other two, and is less common due to its strange operating characteristics. It is called the common base configuration because (DC power source aside), the signal source and the load share the base [...]

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Common Collector Amplifier

Fig – Common Collector Amplifier : Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler in terms of gain calculations. Called the common-collector configuration.It is called the common collector configuration because (ignoring the power supply battery) both the signal source and the load share the collector lead as a common connection point: It should [...]

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Transistor Saturation

The term saturation is applied to any system where levels have reached their maximum values. A saturated sponge is one that cannot hold another drop of liquid. For a transistor operating in the saturation region, the current is a maximum value for the particular design. Change the design and the corresponding saturation level may rise [...]

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Wave Guide

A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a hollow, metal tube. The tube wall provides distributed inductance, while the empty space between the tube walls provide distributed capacitance: Figure 20.1 Fig: Quarter wave 150 transmission line: Figure 20.1: Quarter wave 150 transmission line section matches 75 line to 300 antenna. Figure [...]

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Stepper Motors Guide

A stepper motor is a “digital” version of the electric motor. The rotor moves in discrete steps as commanded, rather than rotating continuously like a conventional motor. When stopped but energized, a stepper (short for stepper motor) holds its load steady with a holding torque. Wide spread acceptance of the stepper motor within the last [...]

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Pulse Waveforms

Our analysis thus far has been limited to alternating waveforms that vary in a sinusoidal manner. This chapter will introduce the basic terminology associated with the pulse waveform and will examine the response of an R-C circuit to a square wave input. The importance of the pulse waveform to the electrical/electronics industry cannot be overstated. [...]

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Electron Orbital Configuration Activity

So far in our discussions on electricity and electric circuits, we have not discussed in any detail how batteries function. Rather, we have simply assumed that they produce constant voltage through some sort of mysterious process. Here, we will explore that process to some degree and cover some of the practical considerations involved with real [...]

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Earlier Version of A Tank Circuit

The situation of resonance will be experienced in a tank circuit (Figure 16.1) when the reactances of the capacitor and inductor are equal to each other. Because inductive reactance increases with increasing frequency and capacitive reactance decreases with increasing frequency, there will only be one frequency where these two reactances will be equal. Figure 16.1: [...]

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