electrical

Business computer application: Many companies have a substantial number of computers. For example, a company may have separate computers to monitor production, keep track of inventories, and do the payroll. Initially, each of these computers may have worked in isolation from the others, but at some point, management may have decided to connect them to [...]

Common Base Amplifier: The final transistor amplifier configuration we need to study is the common-base. This configuration is more complex than the other two, and is less common due to its strange operating characteristics. It is called the common base configuration because (DC power source aside), the signal source and the load share the base [...]

Fig – Common Collector Amplifier : Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler in terms of gain calculations. Called the common-collector configuration.It is called the common collector configuration because (ignoring the power supply battery) both the signal source and the load share the collector lead as a common connection point: It should [...]

The term saturation is applied to any system where levels have reached their maximum values. A saturated sponge is one that cannot hold another drop of liquid. For a transistor operating in the saturation region, the current is a maximum value for the particular design. Change the design and the corresponding saturation level may rise [...]

A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a hollow, metal tube. The tube wall provides distributed inductance, while the empty space between the tube walls provide distributed capacitance: Figure 20.1 Fig: Quarter wave 150 transmission line: Figure 20.1: Quarter wave 150 transmission line section matches 75 line to 300 antenna. Figure [...]

A stepper motor is a “digital” version of the electric motor. The rotor moves in discrete steps as commanded, rather than rotating continuously like a conventional motor. When stopped but energized, a stepper (short for stepper motor) holds its load steady with a holding torque. Wide spread acceptance of the stepper motor within the last [...]